Tambora, Indonesia (1815) (The largest eruption known in history).Red Dots are events that took place from 1641 to 1642, yellow dots took place from 1667 to 1694, blue dots took place from 1809 to 1831 and green dots are the other major volcanic eruptions. 3 – location of the major volcanic events. Komaga-take volcano, Japan (1640) (probably the largest eruption in Japan's history, deposited a large amount of ashes) įig.A large amount of sulfate and volcanic ashes escaped from the volcano, resulting in a significant decrease in temperature. They were built by the escape of magma through separate vents over thousands of years, accumulated into layers. During the Little Ice Age, all major volcanic eruptions were stratovolcano, also known as composite volcanos. Also, some major volcanic eruptions caused the fall of the temperature. Three large cooling periods caused by volcanic eruptions in 1641–1642, 1667–16–1831 respectively. The eruption also emits ashes and various gases. Magma escapes from the magma chamber and forms different layers in different eruptions. 2 – shows the structure of a stratovolcano. It was suggested that the crisis on Ottoman Empire and Ming-Qing Transition in China were typical examples that closely correlated with Little Ice Age. Wars and rebellions were therefore triggered worldwide in the Little Ice Age. The global cooling effect impacts ocean currents, atmospheric circulation and cause social impacts such as drought and famine. The ashes act as an isolating layer that block out a proportion of solar radiation, causing global cooling. When a volcano erupts, ashes burst out of the vent together with magma and forms a cloud in the atmosphere. The Past Global Change (PAGES), a registered paleo-science association for scientific research and networking on past global changes in the University of Bern, Switzerland, suggested that from 1630 to 1850, a total of 16 major eruptions and cooling events had taken place. the sunspot activities by orbital forcing and greenhouse gas. Scientists suggested a hypothesis that volcanism was the major driving force of the global cooling among the other natural factors, i.e. Little Ice Age volcanism refers to the massive volcanic activities during the Little Ice Age. 1 – global average temperatures show that the Little Ice Age was not a distinct planet-wide time period, but the end of a long temperature decline that preceded recent global warming.
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